Oral Hygiene Status and Renal Function in Pre-Dialysis Chronic Kidney Disease Patients in a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital: A Cross-Sectional Study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61172/yxmnrs02Keywords:
Oral Hygiene Practices, Periodontitis, Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate, Chronic Kidney DiseaseAbstract
Background: Poor oral health and chronic kidney disease have been linked in several studies. Also, there are many reports on the oral hygiene status of hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients. However, very few have been reported in pre-dialysis patients, especially in developing countries. Therefore, this study investigated oral hygiene status and its implication on renal function of pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease patients attending a tertiary health care facility in Nigeria.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted between June 2019 and December 2020 at the nephrology unit, Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex (OAUTHC), Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria among pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD) Stages 1–5 patients who were 18 years and above. The study involved two groups: those with periodontitis and those without periodontitis (control). Self-administered questionnaires were used to collect data on demographics and oral hygiene practices. Oral hygiene status using the Oral Hygiene Index Simplified (OHI-S) and renal function using estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were assessed in both groups. Data collected were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 23.0. Descriptive analysis was carried out for oral hygiene practices. Independent t-test was used to compare means of oral hygiene status and renal function between the two groups. Multivariable linear regression analysis was performed to explain the relationship between renal function and other predictors, and p-value was set at <0.05.
Results: There were 120 pre-dialysis CKD participants in this study. Of these, 82.5% brushed their teeth once daily. The mean OHI-S score was higher in the periodontitis group than the control group (3.48 vs. 1.72, p<0.01). The mean eGFR, however, was higher in the control group than the periodontitis group (62.08 mL/min vs. 40.55 mL/min, p<0.01). Male participants had significantly higher OHI-S scores compared to females (2.89 vs. 2.22) but lower eGFR than females (46.16 mL/min vs. 58.06 mL/min, p<0.01). In multivariable regression, after adjusting for age, gender, hypertension, and oral hygiene, both CKD stage and clinical attachment loss remained significant independent predictors of eGFR (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: After adjusting for age, gender, hypertension status, and oral hygiene, both CKD stage and clinical attachment loss emerged as significant independent predictors of eGFR.
Keywords: Oral hygiene practices, periodontitis, estimated glomerular filtration rate, chronic kidney disease
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Copyright (c) 2026 Olusoji Ayodele Onabanjo, nt Preventive and Community Dentistry, Obafemi University, Ile-Ife, Tolulope Ogundiran, Opeyemi Matthew Adewole, Babatope Andrew Ogunleye, Solomon Nwhator, Department Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife
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